Critically assess how extract from Machiavelli's Prince relates to the Essay

Critically assess how extract from Machiavelli's Prince relates to the contemporary issues concerning globalisation and the busi - Essay Example Well-organized states and wise princes have always taken great pains not to make the nobles despair, and to satisfy the people and keep them content; this is one of the most important tasks a prince must undertake.’1 Globalization is the term used to refer to the continuous process by which different economies, societies, cultures and traditions interact with one another (Berberoglu, 2005). A multinational corporation is a company that has operations in more than one country. Multinationals have for a very long time been the major agents of globalization. Multinational business has been in existence since overseas trade began (Toporowski, 2010). In the context, the Prince in Machiavelli’s book can be equated with multinationals or businesses which have international operations. In this age of rapid globalization, there are many issues that multinational companies face as they try to forge new ground in various parts of the world (Berberoglu, 2005). ... He says that when one has the goodwill of the people, he should not have reason to worry that he will not receive their support and cooperation. However, he warns that anyone who ventures to a foreign place and fails to gain the people’s goodwill, he is bound to fail in whatever that he is doing. Machiavelli’s advice to the Prince can be used to look at how multinational companies today can thrive in new areas of operations. It is true that a company cannot just decide to start operations in a certain place and go ahead with it. There are few things that the company has to fulfill before business can start. Many of corporations trying to break ground in new markets have been unable to do so due to the fact that they do not have the goodwill of the countries where they want to set up operations (Choucri, 1991). There have been a number of international bodies and organizations that have been set up to ensure that international dealings are mutually fair. Most of these or ganizations were formed through treaties to ensure that trade between countries does not favor one country at the expense of the other. The organizations also regulate how multinational corporations operate in foreign countries so that no party feels victimized. The regulations set forth by these organizations help multinational corporations to gain acceptance in new regions or countries, as long as the companies fulfill certain obligations (Toporowski, 2010). Two of these organizations are discussed below. The World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that deals with and regulates the rules of trade

Scattering of Light

Scattering of Light Callum Lim Contents 1. Rayleigh scattering 1.1 Mid-day 1.2 Sunrise and sunset 1.3 Night-time 2. Mie scattering 2.1 Clouds 3. Pollution 3.1 Light pollution 3.2 Haze 4. Personal reflections 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography 1. Rayleigh scattering When a beam of light travels through particles which are smaller than its wavelength, it is possible these particles scatter the light beam in a process known as Rayleigh scattering. This process is visible everyday whenever sunlight is scattered by the Earth’s atmosphere. As sunlight is composed of different visible wavelengths of light – mainly Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet; ROYGBIV – not all sunlight has the same probability of being scattered. It is possible to determine the amount of Rayleigh scattering that the different visible wavelengths in sunlight experience by calculating the intensity of the individual scattered wavelengths. The intensity of light scattered by small particles (I) depends on the intensity (I0) and wavelength (ÃŽ ») of the light source, the distance of the light source from the particle (R), the scattering angle (ÃŽ ¸), the refractive index of the particle (n), and the diameter of the particle (d). The relationship between these variables is illustrated in the following equation: (Seinfeld Pandis , 2006) 1.1 Mid-day When the Sun is directly overhead, all the wavelengths of light originating from it travel the same distance from the Sun and through our atmosphere and are scattered by the same medium (nitrogen and oxygen molecules). Hence, I0, R, ÃŽ ¸, n and d remain constant and the above equation can be simplified into: With this equation, it can be seen that the intensity of scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of a light’s wavelength and that the shorter a light’s wavelength, the more intensely visible it is. Hence, as GBIV light (400nm to 500nm) have shorter wavelengths compared to ROY light (570nm to 700nm), GBIV light is more intensely visible to us. Due to the shorter wavelengths of GBIV light, they also have higher chances of encountering atmospheric molecules than the ROY light and getting scattered by it, as shown in the figure below. Although scattered light continues travelling in a random direction, a greater proportion of GBIV than ROY light reaches our eyes because GBIV wavelengths are shorter and more easily scattered. However, as our eyes detect the blue component in GBIV light that has been scattered the easiest (Leong, 2006), we see the mid-day sky as blue in colour. 1.2 Sunrise and sunset At sunrise and sunset, sunlight has to travel through a longer distance through the atmosphere than at mid-day before it is visible. As a result, sunlight encounters more atmospheric molecules during these times which results in more scattering of light. Hence, with this increased distance, even the higher wavelengths (ROY) are scattered, and this colours the sky reddish-orange. However, it is only at the horizons that the sky looks reddish-orange because the multiple rays of sunlight travel through different distances in the atmosphere due to refraction. As seen in the figure above, sunlight ray A penetrates the atmosphere very minimally and experiences very little refraction. As a result, it travels the shortest distance through the atmosphere and gets very little scattering. Thus, only the violet and indigo wavelengths are scattered. Sunlight ray B enters more deeply into atmosphere than A and gets refracted more. Hence, it has to travel a longer distance through the atmosphere which scatters most of BIV wavelengths. Before it leaves the atmosphere, however, the remaining wavelengths are scattered which results in a portion of the sky looking yellow. Sunlight ray C penetrates deepest into the atmosphere and experiences the most refraction. As it travels the longest distance of the three rays, its higher red and orange wavelengths are also scattered. This gives a portion of the sky its reddish-orange colour. Hence, this is why only the horizons are coloured reddish-orange while the rest of the sky remains blue during sunrise and sunset. 1.3 Night-time Sunlight reflected off the moon undergoes Rayleigh scattering as well, although its effects are not as visible. As mentioned earlier, the intensity of the light source (I0) and the distance of the light source from the particle (R) also affects the how intensely visible the scattered light is. Although the Moon is much closer to the Earth than the Sun, the light we get from it is much less intense than that from the Sun, thus reducing the intensity of scattered light. 2. Mie scattering Aside from Rayleigh scattering, another type of scattering, in the form of Mie scattering, exists. This occurs when sunlight encounters molecules which are comparable in size to its composite wavelengths. As a result, all visible wavelengths in sunlight are almost scattered equally. 2.1 Clouds On a daily basis, Mie scattering is observable when we look at clouds. As water vapour in clouds tend to be 20 micrometres in diameter (University of Illinois, 2010), all visible wavelengths in sunlight are scattered by clouds equally, thus giving clouds their white appearance. Bigger clouds or rain clouds usually look darker because they are bigger and contain more water vapour molecules. Thus, as these clouds scatter most of the sunlight that pass through them, very little sunlight exits through the bottoms of these clouds. Besides appearing white or grey, clouds can also appear reddish at sunrise or sunset. This is attributed to both Mie and Rayleigh scattering. At these times, sunlight travels a longer distance through the atmosphere and most of the shorter GBIV wavelengths are scattered just as sunlight enters the atmosphere. Hence, the further sunlight travels through the atmosphere, the greater the proportion of longer ROY wavelengths that remain. Thus, it is mainly the ROY wavelengths that are able to reach and get scattered by the clouds; and this causes clouds to appear reddish. Mie scattering is also observable on nights when moonlight is scattered by clouds in the sky and results in clouds appearing white. 3. Pollution 3.1 Light pollution On certain late nights, it is also possible to observe red clouds in the sky even when there is no source of light in the atmosphere. This phenomenon is a result of denser clouds scattering light from the city back down onto Earth. As Singapore is mostly lit up by yellow or orange light from streetlights, a greater proportion of longer wavelengths are scattered by the clouds thus making the clouds look red. However, if the clouds do not contain enough water vapour molecules and hence, are not large or dense enough, less city light is scattered. Thus, the redness visible in these clouds is not as pronounced and this is why red clouds are not always visible at night. Besides Mie scattering, city light also undergoes Rayleigh scattering at night, although its effect is not as obvious as scattered sunlight. While city light is mostly emitted in longer wavelengths and do not experience much Rayleigh scattering, its shorter wavelengths are greatly scattered by atmospheric particles as it travels through the atmosphere. Consequently, the shorter wavelengths of light scattered through Rayleigh scattering, together with the light scattered by clouds, increase the ambient brightness of Singapore’s night sky and inadvertently blocks out dimmer interstellar light that would otherwise be visible. Thus, this is why it is quite difficult to see deep-space objects in most of Singapore with the naked-eye. 3.2 Haze When dust and smoke particles from haze are present in the atmosphere, it becomes denser and causes light to undergo both Rayleigh and Mie scattering. This is because these particles typically range from 2.5 micrometres to 10 micrometres in diameter (Association of South East Asian Nations, 2014) and hence, are larger than visible light wavelengths. Thus, when the PSI is in the moderate range or worse, it is possible to see that all light appears muted and dull. At night, haze also causes Mie scattering of city light not only in clouds but throughout the sky. This results in significant portions night sky taking on a reddish glow. 4. Personal reflections Through this project, I now have a better understanding of why the sky and clouds appear to change in colour over time as well as why it is relatively difficult to observe the cosmos in a brightly lit city at night. The latter was evident when our group spent a day at Changi beach to photograph the colours changes in the sky. Just as we were leaving the seaside after twilight, we noticed that were more stars were visible in the night sky than what can normally be seen in the brighter urban areas of Singapore. Unfortunately, we did not have a good enough camera that was able to photograph the stars in the night sky then. One of the interesting things I have learnt from this project is also why the sky looks red on hazy nights, even when there is no light from the Sun or Moon. This is primarily due to light pollution that is scattered back down to Earth by smoke and dust particles in the atmosphere. Similarly, denser clouds at night appear red due to light pollution being scattered back down by water vapour within them. It is also because of light pollution that the adage â€Å"red sky at night, sailor’s delight† no longer holds true all the time, especially in cities that are brightly lit up at night. This is because the red sky at night might not be due to a high-pressure system in the west bringing calm weather, but due to manmade causes mentioned above (Teitel, 2012). This manmade phenomenon also has an implication on our circadian rhythms that act as our natural body clocks. Brighter skies at night could confuse our brains into thinking that it is daytime (and not time to sleep), thus disrupting our sleeping patterns and leaving us feeling jet-lagged. In the near future, the night sky might become even brighter as gas-discharge lights are replaced by light-emitting diode (LED) lights, which emit a greater concentration of shorter wavelengths (Teitel, 2012). Our circadian rhythms might be even more negatively affected by this increase in blue light, as they are especially sensitive to shorter wavelengths. A potential solution to mitigate this problem is to use warm white lights that emit minimal blue wavelengths. Additionally, understanding how light is affected by minute particles has also allowed humankind to apply these principles in real-life, such as in optical fibres. In optical fibres, light is used to transmit signals through cables made of transparent silica fibres. Since the silica molecules in these fibres are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light (Yao, 2010), Rayleigh scattering occurs within these cables and causes light to be scattered in a random direction instead of travelling through the cable. This is detrimental to signal strength. Hence, as Rayleigh scattering is extremely dependant on a light’s wavelength and short wavelengths of light scatter the most, optical fibres usually transmit signals in longer light wavelengths to minimise scattering. 5. Conclusion One of the most observable phenomena by the naked eye, the sky is often photographed at sunrise or sunset for its picturesque clouds. Besides just appreciating the beauty of these occurrences, I now understand the science behind them as well. Additionally, I also now know why the sky or clouds are red on certain nights even when there is no light from the Sun or the Moon. Besides the theoretical principles and atmospheric observations, scattering of light also has practical applications in real-life. In times before satellite imaging existed to forecast weather, people referred to colours in the night sky to determine if there would be good weather the next day. Today, knowledge of light scattering is also useful in deciding what wavelengths of light should be used when transmitting signals through optical fibres. In addition, understanding Rayleigh and Mie scattering also allows us to minimise to impact that bright skies might have on our natural body clocks. Thus, the study of light scattering not only allows us to better appreciate our atmosphere, but also apply these concepts in real-life. (1949 words; excluding citations) - End - 6. Bibliography Association of South East Asian Nations. (2014). Information on Fire and Haze. Retrieved 07 March, 2014, from ASEAN Haze Action Online: http://haze.asean.org/?page_id=249 Leong, J. (2006). Number of Colors Distinguishable by the Human Eye. (G. Elert, Editor) Retrieved 26 March, 2014, from The Physics Factbook: http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/JenniferLeong.shtml Nave, C. R. (2012). Blue Sky. Retrieved 17 March, 2014, from hyperphysics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atmos/blusky.html#c4 Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis , S. N. (2006). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 2nd Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Siegel, E. (08 September, 2009). Red sky at night†¦ but why? Retrieved 05 March, 2014, from scienceblogs.com: http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2009/09/08/red-sky-at-night-but-why/ Teitel, A. S. (23 August, 2012). Why Is the Night Sky Turning Red? Retrieved 28 February, 2014, from discovermagazine.com: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2012/08/23/why-is-the-night-sky-turning-red/ University of Illinois. (2010). Scattering of Light. Retrieved 29 March, 2014, from WW2010: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/opt/mch/sct.rxml Yao, C. (20 September, 2010). Optical Fiber Loss and Attenuation. Retrieved 17 March, 2014, from Fibre Optics For Sale Co.: http://www.fiberoptics4sale.com/wordpress/optical-fiber-loss-and-attenuation/ GEK1520/PC1322 | Understanding the UniversePage 1 of 13

The Authors Sedgwick, Gould, and Otto :: Compare Contrast Comparison

Sedgwick's Hope Leslie, Gould's Dinosaur in a Haystack, and Otto's How To Make an American Quilt The authors Sedgwick, Gould, and Otto use structure in their books to get their points across. Sedgwick, author of Hope Leslie, divides her novel into two parts and chapters. Gould, author of Dinosaur in a Haystack, uses his book to present specific, autonomous essays and state his own views through literary snobbery. Otto, author of How To Make an American Quilt, divides her chapters up by first presenting instructions on how to make a quilt and then a story of one of the ladies of the quilting circle. Each book is structured by division of chapters and individual ideas of characters/essays. Although each author has specific moral ideas, each presents his/her ideas to the reader for the him to analyze for himself. Without this insight into the author's mind, one would not be able to relate to what the author writes about, even in some small way. Through this insight, each author guides the reader in how to think and feel. Sedgwick writes about feelings of love and honor. She describes in her own way what each character believes and how they will respond to changing variables. Gould writes to inform readers about his beliefs. He expresses through "logic and science" how his theories are correct. Otto writes about a quilting circle in a small town, where each individual has an existence comprised of a whole. Telling each feeling that every character has gives the reader a sense of oneness, of openness towards these characters. By writing about these thoughts and feelings, the reader is provided not only with insight into the characters but also insight about the way the author views society. By expressing their views in each book, the authors compel readers to delve deeper into one's soul, to evaluate each part of it. What each author does in his/her own unique way is point out the flaws of society he/she sees and wants to fix. Sedgwick wants the opinion that females have to marry to be reevaluated and also past events researched to discover what happened in the past (ancestry). Otto wants people to learn from past mistakes, because "life is too short to make your own." Gould wants people to be logical and scientific about everything: They [creationists] claim, above all, that evolution generates no predictions, never exposes itself to test, and therefore stands as dogma rather than disprovable science.

High School District Essay

The recent studies have shown that trend on school drop out is increasing every year. This is rampant drop out of young youths is becoming an alarming issues especially for students in their secondary schools and those enrolled in higher educations institutions. The rate of school drop out is varied between ethnic groups. For instance, it has become overt in the American research that the number of Hispanic students that do not complete their studies is much greater than that the number of the Caucasians. Generally, there is lot evidence which shows that score of Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics and some Asian American rare graduates from secondary schools. Numerous reasons for school drop out have been put into consideration. (Velez, 1989) However, dropout from school is an issue which is the overall resultant of the society together with the institution/ organizations failure to perform satisfactorily of their assignments. This disparity in drop out rate displayed by various ethnic groups of has been an issue of major concern which has brought a lot of controversies in many research studies. Drop out from schools is attributed to several factors which may affect the communities differently. These factors are evident in studying them independently in different ethnic groups. The Impacts of such factor are well established as primary contributors to students’ drop out. These contributing factors include education and workforce preparation, health and safety, poverty as well as family structure. According to the research study, these factors have contributed variously to the dropout rate on Hispanic students as well as for the Caucasians, but there the overall results shows that Hispanics are much affected than the Caucasians. (Thornton-Little, 1996) Education and workforce preparation Although education systems in the kern count high district schools are the same, there are numerous ways in which the education systems do not satisfy or favor the retention of Hispanics in the systems. There are numerous challenges based on the education systems which face Hispanic students more than the Caucasians. Hispanics are much affected on the ways on gaining knowledge necessary for their success. This can be seen in the fact that most of the Hispanics lack preschool service for their young children unlike Caucasians who can access such services. Moreover, most of the Caucasians have better foundation not only on education ground but also the are much advantaged by have post studies services after school, hence they can continue studying at home areas. According to the curriculum of the kern count high school districts, the language which is officially provided on the teaching system is basically in English especially in the district schools. One factor of fundamental is that the school curriculum in the region has indirectly and directly disfavored the Hispanics. According to the curriculum set up, the education systems have set hierarchical system of the education institutions. Through this kind of set up, the Hispanics get marginalized more than the Caucasians. Several studies have shown that schools which have Hispanic students as the majority population have experienced a lot of problems based on management and financing. Most of the district high school whose population is dominated by Hispanic students has frequent straining due to inadequate funding. Inadequate funding on schools limits the school management on the purchase of essential facilities requirement to facilitate the understanding of the course being taught. In addition, marginalization of highly populated schools by Hispanics is well portrayed by having unqualified teachers. Despites the low qualification of the teachers in such school, the ratio of teacher to students is very high which is an indication of inadequate number of teaching staffs. Due to the marginalization of the learning institutions with dominant number of the Hispanic students, the formulated policies such as no child is left behind would be proven as ineffective as other previous policies. The integral results of this marginalized institutions is that there is no satisfaction of the students. The low level of English language understanding by the Hispanics together with the marginalization of the school has consequently resulted to low academic achievement. The low academic achievement on the students translates to the high rates of drop out among the Hispanics more than the Caucasians. (Brice-Heath, 1983) Since the establishment education system, education has played very vital role in the preparation of the individuals for job. Education is viewed as basic on imparting knowledge which is necessary for the well paid jobs. Therefore, there is very close relation on the kind of jobs which are done by those persons with the necessary knowledge on a particular work. While teaching language is very fundamental on imparting knowledge on particular job skill, most Hispanic students finds it difficulty on grasping the concepts which are passed on English language. For most of the Caucasians students, they experience easy time on learning such skill in English language rather than in any other language. This is because they are native speakers of English and therefore are have much understanding of its usage than the Hispanics. This encourages and makes them to get on and cope well with the education tracks. (Brooks-Gunn and Pamela, 1996) Employment opportunities do consider certain qualities of the incumbents who apply for jobs. One key factor quality which is often considered in job employment is the ability to communicate both to fellow workforce as well as customers of the firm. English language which is a factor of paramount in job offer, it acts as barring and discouraging factor for the Hispanics. The Hispanic students find it hard in getting a job due to lack of English proficiency. This is a mandatory requirement for job security for the Hispanics who are non-English speakers while on the other side the Caucasian who are mostly English speakers are given an advantage by excluding such requirement. The Hispanics students therefore feel and perceive that this in unfair to them and they therefore term it as job and employment discrimination. According to some research studies on the employment of the Hispanics, the Hispanics students who are immigrants has the perception that the job market has taken the English deficiency to their advantage while punishing them by offering them low wages and salaries. While there is rationality on the argument about the language deficiency among the Hispanics, there is general conclusion that the Hispanics leaves the schooling system due to unsatisfying services offer to the students. This makes them to be not well prepared for their future job and career, as a great number of the Hispanic graduates are grouped as â€Å"not well† or â€Å"not all† English proficient. According to employers and the general understanding of the importance of language fluency, lack of language fluency leads to poor coordination of all organization activities. Thus, the handicaps of English speakers have limited number of the people they communicate to as workers. The handicapped Hispanics in English language are thus not prone to reduce job opportunities but they also have to cope with work environment which is harsh in nature. Furthermore, the low prepared Hispanics for job are exposed to the job market which offers them little chance of climbing the ladder for better opportunities which has better work environment as well as being well paid. (Ogbu, 1995), Adolescents risk taking Adolescence stage poses numerous challenges to the young youths. Despite the increasing population of the Hispanics in the region, there is still little concern over the academic achievement. Adolescence brings a lot of changes to the individuals’ behavior and therefore there is risk of letting the adolescent to get swayed from the education system. Though there is devotion of encouraging and maintaining the Hispanic students on the track of education, drop out from school at secondary level in hiked by the behavior adopted by the adolescents. The Hispanics are at more risk of dropping out from school as both male and female youths lack the essential foundation to have the sense of self esteem. According to the numerous studies which are revealed from different fields such as social and sociological studies, scores of Hispanics are involved in risky behavior which may lead termination of their education studies. According to Alva, Hispanics female students in district schools have average lower degree of self esteem which translates to undesirable academic results. This implies that a change must be instituted on their behavior to improve their education performances. Many have pointed out that high performance on grade and tests give an encouragement and aspiration to the student making them to keep on the education tracks. (Thornton-Little, 1996) Hispanics and Caucasians students are both faced with challenges drug and substance use in their schooling process. The use such prohibited substances are highly encouraged due to pressures and stresses arising from studies, families and general society. In most cases, they serve as means of coping with worse social environment. Comparing the situation of Hispanics with those of the Caucasians, it is evident that Hispanics have a lot stressful life than Caucasians. The increase in drug abuse among the Hispanics is another key factor which transforms to higher school dropout as such substance has great correlation on violent behavior unacceptable in school institution. (Sharon Boles, 1994) Hispanic female students get into risky and eroding behavior more than the Caucasians. This is well indicated from the point whereby the number of female students that get into relationships with their male counterparts end up pregnant. This shows that they have little awareness of involving into such risky behavior while are still in the course schooling. This not only ends up with most of the students being alienated by their friends but they also get alienated by the school institutions. Even though the opportunity of school continuation may be offered in future, this leads to development of immense stress on the individual hence the denial of furthering their studies. Thus, misbehaving and other disciplinary matters are depicted to be higher among the Hispanics than in the Caucasians. (Thornton-Little, 1996) Though the law of the U. S prohibits the child labor, the U. S labor market is anticipated to have estimated children as employed workers of 5 million. The foundation of the law on child labors is basically founded on the risks which are involved in the job markets. Therefore, while most of the school dropouts go out to search for jobs, they are employed mostly on workplaces where they have little knowledge of the risks involved. While most of the high school dropouts are aged between 12 and 17, they are offered jobs illegally according to the child law. The dropout rate of the Hispanics being the leading in comparison with that of the Caucasians, this means that the Hispanic adolescents are high risk takers. Family Structure Most families in the Hispanics have been categorized to have the old type family structure. Students and their families show strong hold on the extended family kinship. Due to the maintenance of the oldest systems of families, they impact of teaching of the ancient culture which increases the rate of marriages and reduces the habit of divorce. Thus most of the Hispanic students are brought up in families with both parents. This setting of family structure is viewed to offer better parenthoods to their children as compared to singled parents. In addition to offering better parent care to their children, they also help in maintaining attitudes that reduces the risk behavior that may lead to school dropout. The families of most Hispanics are composed of couples from the same ethnics groups, while in the Caucasians; there is some inter-marriage from different ethnics groups. This discourages the teaching of particular culture in the families of the Caucasians which final enhance the promotion education rather than ethnic cultures. Lack of intermarrying among the Hispanics gives them encouraging cultural languages has lead to difficulties in advice the students on academic matters. This is because, while the family couples do not the necessarily understand of the language, they do not encourage their children in learning the English language. (Chao, 1994) Health and safety The health status of the community is highly depended on the education and the vice versa. According to the education level, most Hispanics are illiterate and they therefore experience certain barriers concerning health services. One of main barrier which is depicted as lead to persistent poor healthy services is language. The Hispanics have well developed culture which is geared towards conserving their language. As result of this conservative nature of their language as their culture, most of the Hispanics do not receive the necessary health service both on personal level of education services and counseling as well as in the doctor treatment. Because of language barrier among the Hispanics, preventive measures are rarely achieved in the Hispanics than in the Caucasians. Language barrier makes the healthcare givers to delivery under-standardized services to the Hispanics. During the year of 2002, Hispanics were found to be 1. 5 time likely to access healthy services at severe illness or late stage sickness. (Sharon Boles, 1994) Hispanics’ limited access to healthy services has made them vulnerable to numerous ailments than the Caucasians community. Due to lack of the necessary information, ailments which are caused by bad eating habits are eminent among the Hispanics. Those they are caused by unethical eating practices, they have been of paramount importance concerning the education of Hispanics. They are diseases which are usually persistent and permanent, hence, the patients has to cope with the diseases for rest of their life. These diseases include mostly heart diseases, diabetes and cancer which general lowers the quality of life. As results of the high level of such disease infection among the Hispanics, most students also terminate their education due to deteriorated lives. (Ogbu, 1995) When sickness becomes persistence and permanent in a family, the treatment process has both psychological effects such as stress and pressure. The psychological stress, which is likely to develop in family members and those close relatives of the patients have negative effects on student academic performances. Moreover, persistent ailments affects the families financially depleting them their wealthy hence making them impoverished. This affects the Hispanics’ family ability to cater for the cost of education for their children more than the Caucasians. Poverty levels Hispanics have low job opportunities availability. This makes most of the Hispanics live as unemployed persons. The Hispanic employees are give the harsh jobs which are contrary low paid. The means that most of the Caucasians are favored in job opportunity chances, thus they end up being preferred for most skilled jobs and jobs that are well paid. While academic performance is closely linked to job opportunities, numerous Hispanic parents are employed as unskilled laborers, an indication that they have low incomes. Reference: Brice-Heath, S. (1983). Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press Brooks-Gunn, J. and Pamela, (1996), Ethnic differences in children’s intelligence test scores: Role of economic deprivation, home environment, and material characteristics. Child Development, 67, 390-407. Chao, R. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1109-1116 Ogbu, J. (1995), Cultural problems in minority education: The interpretations and consequences. 27, 188-204 Sharon Boles, J. (1994): Alcohol and Other Drug Use Patterns among Mexican-American, Mexican, and Caucasian Adolescents: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, Vol. 23, 78-102 Thornton-Little, B. (1996): The Effect of Pregnancy on the Dropout Rate of Female High School Students. Velez, W. (1989), High school attrition among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic white youths, Sociology of Education, 62, 117-120

My position with flatworld

In this third era of globalization described by Thomas Friedman, the world has shrank from small to tiny and made it a flat playing field.   It is not about nations and states that compete globally but individuals doing research to create the best software in line with the fiber optic technology and broadband. Suddenly, a person from Los Angeles is talking to his product manufacturer in Cebu, Philippines through video chat and almost in real time. The best news for everyone is that this technology is getting better and more affordable so everyone may have access. The world is breaking barriers so a person who wants to excel in the field of information system and technology must have prudence and cunning to be the best in the field. The existing convention of our system information engineers in the corporate business includes the analyses of operations, inventory, salary, and etcetera. To conquer the field in a more competitive ground, one must be able to look at the world’s convention, its potential and be able to predict. In other words, one has to have foresight. I am currently interested in furthering studies and research in Geographical Information system. â€Å"It is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the earth. In the strictest sense, it is a computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically-referenced information. In a more generic sense, GIS is a tool that allows users to create interactive queries (user created searches), analyze the spatial information, edit data, maps, and present the results of all these operations† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system). I believe that the world has to have a bigger layout of the existing environment so one would be able to make a good feasibility study and ultimately a good decision. The competition in this line of project and business is yet scarce, in fact one has to invest so much for a universal GIS to be used anywhere in the world. My vision would be to create a language for the GIS to make it universal. Germany, China and other countries have developed their own GIS yet it would not be understandable or would need a translation for another person in Greece, for example, to read it. Perhaps, this system would get be more valuable for everyone if a Universal Platform GIS will be available to everyone.   I will have to start mapping in the United States territory first, in my own country where I will be able to create a good market and then expand in the real world setting. The more data there is in the GIS system which must include the people, animals and plants (read: the GIS system should not be limited to infrastructures and highways alone) the more it is attractive to the market. The more information, the more the system will be useful for every person in every field. My idea is to use the existing network of Information System schools and universities and create a database of demography, topography, ecosystem, field engineering, infrastructures, highways and even waterways. This information will be mapped in the Universal Platform GIS and create a multi-dimensional overlay that is user-friendly, even a grade-schooler will be able to operate it. Although the main idea is to market it to corporate investors and larger business scales from farming, to food chains, to manufacturers and even foresters, an ordinary person would still be ale to use it in his own car, for example, where it would work like a â€Å"telenav† device (maps out a certain locality based on network provider) but with more overlays. Of course, with the Universal Platform GIS, it will be able to create a customized program which is web-based that a person that would not be so technical would be empowered to use the system without any qualms. In a businessman’s benefit, for example, where he wishes to invest on creating a Mc Donald outlet in the suburbs in India, he would only log-in to my website with his username and password and the needed information on the demographics in a suburb in New Delhi would be available. Information, like the number of potential customers because the target customers of the food outlet would be children, adolescents and young adults, he would know the potential market in the area. He would also be equipped with the average income of the people and the potential market and profit. A good area on where to position the infrastructure would be available upon further research in the area because the database would also include a good topography which is multi-dimensional. Sources of supplies for the product would be available for the customer since a list of businesses in the area and nearest farms are available in the website.   To make this universal platform more friendly, a customer service representative is available 24/7 for any questions that he may need about the area and a person in the locality, who would be very familiar with the area will answer his questions. Another application would be a person in the University of Texas doing his research on a remote area in Africa, he would need information about the number of grasslands, the number of forest lands and the number of desert land in the area. Aside from that, the researcher would also be able to find an updated inventory of the number of flora and fauna in the area because the business of Universal Platform GIS would include a yearly subscription for updates on a specific area. An accurate number of plants and animals would be available for the customer depending on his existing need. My system is connected to any existing credible groups in the area so that an expert would also be available in the area for any specific questions that might need a real person’s answer. So, a real-time expert’s opinion would be available for the university researcher for more precise information. Therefore, information in the research would be exact and much updated. A French person in Guatemala who is trapped in the middle of nowhere who is having an asthma attack would just need to hit an emergency care button on her online Universal Platform GIS and she would be able to see the nearest rescue service in her area. She will be given information on estimated time of arrival of any rescue service as well as she can monitor through her mobile phone screen where the rescue services are already through the artificial intelligence that is incorporated in the system. His anxieties would also be lessened because of the continuous update on his rescue service is also available. A client would feel safe and secure anywhere he would be in the world even if language obviously is a barrier.   The program will be able to transcend from any existing obstacle because it is customized already to the needs and the personality of the person using it. In this line of business ownership, one must be able to maintain the security systems of the software so potential hackers would not be able to bug the system. Since the software is web-based, a pool of experts is also partners in the service to continuously monitor the safekeeping of the information and its management. The system must have a login protocol for authentication so that the information would be protected.   This should also be continuously updated with the systems of each user so that they would also feel secure with the information that they are getting. The future of the Information System in business should be equipped with foresight that should keep all data in any given environment and locality is available for everyone’s use. The startup of the GIS would be very costly; however, the business side of it is endless. To be able to keep the line of business, my next role would be to continuously update the system. The more information there is available, the more appeal it would be for every potential person in the market.